Kazantsev A. Komisar of the 5th Partisan Brigade // For Vietnam, freedom and honor! : draw about the Heroes of the Radyansky Union - Gorky residents. - Gorky, 1967. -Book. 3. - pp. 309-315
The end of the war found the commander of the electrical engineering company, Ivan Sergunin, at a checkpoint near the small Lithuanian town of Shakayai. Parts of the Red Army left the Skhid. Every day we passed by baked, baked battles. Our warriors fought steadfastly, but faced the onslaught of the enemy at great expense.
In one battle, the battalion commander was killed, and his burden was laid on Sergunin. On June 10, 1941, near Borisov, the battalion, together with other units, lost more than three hundred German paratroopers and in four years of battle lost the most of all.
This is how the military biography of captain Ivan Sergunin, a great milling machine operator at the Gorky Automobile Plant, began.
Nezabar Sergunin was called to the headquarters of the fortified region. Here we had a very exciting conversation with a representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus - responsible for the organization of partisan drives and sabotage groups for the fight against the enemy.
On the 13th of 1941, Sergunin’s partisan life began. Initially he was the chief of staff, and then the commissar of the partisan corral named after V. Chkalov.
Taking a direct part in military operations against the fascist occupiers, Sergunin worked together with his communists among the middle-class forces and forces. About this work, check the documents in the archives. One of them reads: “As a result of the great organizational and mass-political work that was kindled under the leadership of Comrade Sergunin, the population of the Utorgoshsky district went into the forest, fighting against the German prisons. The valuable population that was lost is against the Germans, causing chaos on the roads. The remaining hours of the population have been taken over 40 bridges on the tracks, which shows the work of the German government teams in the robbery of the Radyansky and Kolkhospny lane.”
From the first days of the struggle, Sergunin showed himself to be a good organizer. Vin could not live in peace. He was able to support the fighting spirit of his comrades, he was in the fire, fighting against the enemy, giving the butt of courage in battle. When they were in front, the partisans felt even better.
At the distant end of the enemy, it seemed that the fascists had already become rulers, the Chkalovites were smashing the occupiers, crossing roads, destroying bridges, destroying the towns and cities of the Fatherland, and rousing the people to fight. Suddenly, a small partisan group grew up in a great enclosure.
The flight of 1942, named after Chkalov, was carried out at the warehouse of the 3rd brigade, repelling the attacks of the Karniks on the partisan region. Sergunin has been involved in a great variety of party-political work, and he himself has repeatedly taken part in various military operations as a saboteur-saboteur. The partisans said about him: “Our commissar has a newspaper in one hand and a pistol in the other.” The talent of a police officer is combined with the courage of a fighter.
Commissar Sergunin, in Father’s style, will add about the partisans, we will swear by those who have committed wrongdoing. Vіn koristuvavsya zagalnykh khannyami paddock, brigade.
From the working homeland of the spadkovy farrier, the village of Vitkulovo, Nizhny Novgorod province of Viyshov, Ivan Sergunin. Ale Yogo was drawn to the factory. The seventeen-year-old young man came to work at the Gorky Automobile Plant. In 1937, a number of prizes were given to the army, and then to the military school, which ended in the spring of 1939.
At the alarming hour of war, the 5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade was created. The commander became Kostyantin Dionisiovich Karitsky - a communist, formerly a border guard, the commissar - Ivan Ivanovich Sergunin, the chief of staff - Major Timofiy Antipovich Novikov.
All three are military personnel who went through military school.
Immediately after the creation of the 5th Partisan Brigade, it had the opportunity to enter into the fight against the forces of the Carniks, which had grown in number and concentration in the Slavkovsky region. In a short hour, the partisans of the 5th brigade attacked 4 military trains and blew up 15 bridges on the slopes and dirt roads. Commissar Sergunin together with the communists in the great work among the middle-class people of the villages and forces. Strong ties between partisans and local populations. The Meshkans gave the partisans additional food and clothing, and went on reconnaissance missions.
For the partisan movement, 1943 was the fate of the further rise of the people's struggle in all occupied areas. Beginning in the spring, partisan corrals and united forces quickly grew beyond the size of the local population.
The axis is revealed by Ivan Ivanovich Sergunin: “The main object of the combat operations of the 5th brigade was the communication of the enemy, immediately before the enemy. Here the partisans suffered the most sensitive blows. In one river, 81 enemy trains and 6 armored trains were attacked, which destroyed 79 locomotives, 395 cars and 111 platforms with ammunition, equipment and manpower, 2 tanks with sleeping cars, 4 armored locomotives, 7.
These campaigns were carried out without regard for the strong security of the roads, without regard for the fact that the German command had large security garrisons in every area.”
The period from spring to autumn 1943 was especially significant in the history of the partisan movement in the Novgorod region. This month, in the areas occupied by the Hitlerites, a large mass of the population rose up to actively fight against the enemy, as a large number of partisans and sub-militaries gathered together. An underground popular uprising of the population of the occupied areas began.
This uprising was prepared by the entire course of the day: the successes of the Radyan Army at the fronts, the hatred of the Radyan people before the enemy, the combat activity of the partisans, the growing political influx of the Bolshovite army on the broad masses.
The reason for the uprising was the order of the fascist command to evacuate to Germany the entire population of the occupied areas of the Novgorod and Leningrad regions.
In the spring of 1943, a popular uprising broke out in the area of the 5th Partisan Brigade. At that time, the brigade began publishing the newspaper “Partisanska Pomsta”, edited by M. Abramov. The newspaper played a significant role in the ideological formation of the brigade, which was rapidly growing, and in the organization of work indoctrinated by partisans in the military forces of the Radyan government.
1st Veresnya 1943 rock Viyshov first issue of the newspaper "Partizanska Pomsta". The leading letter was written by Commissioner I. I. Sergunin. Vona called out: “Viller, peasant! To escape from the German penal servitude to the forests, to the partisans. Take machine guns and machine guns from your hand... Look at the German defense robots. Don’t give the Germans bread or other foodstuffs, eat bread, thinness and hay.”
This call played a great role. It can be said that in the short period from early 1943 to the present day 1944, more than 6 thousand people joined the 5th brigade, in addition, that tens of thousands of civilians actively helped the partisans.
Sergunin clearly understood the great role of both a propagandist and an organizer. And in the next issue he writes passionately, brutalizing the civilian people: “The German robbers rob the population before their arrival... The Hitlerites forcefully drive the civilians out of their localities, forcing them to death. Thousands of people are marching in front of the fascist crowd - in the fierce struggle... Goodbye, comrades! With our own hands we will protect our squads and our children, sisters and fathers... Partisans! The defense of the Radian giants and their danger from the Germans lies on your conscience!”
The Hitlerites began to evacuate the population from the authorities' greedy cruelty and ruthlessness.
The partisans were faced with a task - to steal the Radyan people from stealing fascist slavery. Underground party organizations and partisan command showed the population a single path - the path of active struggle against the fascist prison guards.
“The people of Radyan inherited our call,” I guess. I. Sergunin. - In Utorgoshsky, Soletskoye, Batetskoye, and later in other areas, a popular uprising arose. The rebels defeated all the local authorities of the fascist administration - the commandant’s office and the local government.”
The villagers went into the forest in entire settlements with their families and lanes.
The command of the brigade flared up combat activity due to the defeat of the fascist garrisons.
During the period of the popular uprising, the combat operations of the partisans became particularly widespread. The war against the Hitlerites suffered the fate of the entire population. Entire areas and large plots of roads and highways were taken under the control of the partisans. Day and night there were bitter battles on the roads and highways. The partisans saw in battles that they had used armor and ammunition, they killed bread, thinness, and peaceful people as they made their way to Germany, liberated the people and took them under their protection. The main focus of the 5th Brigade during this period was the fight to save the people of Radyan and their land.
So, on the 9th day, after the sabotage on the Vitebsk Line, the salvage yard at the Utorgosh-Dno settlement was filled with partisans, three echelons of people were transported from Leningrad by the Hitlerites. The guards who were escorting the train were killed. With the help of 1200 people, who wore armor and fought, they became partisans, and the headquarters were located in forest camps and among the local population.
And the Radyan people shouted to the partisans and their commissars Sergunin and commander Karitsky. The names of Ivan Ivanovich and Kostyantin Dionisiovich were visible from the car.
Their nicknames have always been in order - Karitsky and Sergunin. In wartime documents, the commander and commissar were called “KS” - the nicknames followed by the first writers. And under the name of the brigade newspaper “Partisan Post” stood the organ of the partisan union “KS”.
Karitsky loves to think about his commissar:
After the great operation carried out by the partisan brigade was completed, the fascists became angry and sent a punitive expedition against us - tanks, motorized units. We had a chance to sing with the fox. The Nazis pushed us back, drove us deep into the forest, and cut off all the channels.
Hunger, gloomy mood. The Hitlerite attacks came both from the ground and from the wind. They threw leaflets with the proposal to give up, and promised to save their lives.
I remember, I arrived at the dugout and said: Sergunin is sitting angry, in his hands is a fascist leaflet.
Marvel, what can you laugh at, you bastards, preach to us! Well, we guess...
He called the newspaper editor Misha Abramov, gave him the leaflet to read and ordered him to write a testimony. Toy wrote. Sergunin read: in the beginning everything is correct, but there is no bitterness, no anger.
Having loved Sergunin as a servant of God, he didn’t go after him. Having written the very message to the Germans. I sat for two years, then read it to us. We literally died in regota - a clean slate for the Cossacks before the Turkish Sultan. At the paddocks, there was a standing regurgitation as the message to the Germans was discussed, written by Sergunin. Then this sheet walked around the villages for a long time.
The partisans were beating food from the gate, as if they were planning to bring it. Thus, in several floods on the Warsaw and Vitebsk lines, Yegorov’s regiment captured up to ten thousand poods of bread from the occupiers.
An important honor for the partisans of the brigade was the awarding of a combat partisan ensign for the battle of the Radyan people due to guilt and theft from fascist slavery. He was the first ensign of the partisan brigade.
The ensign was handed over by the Leningrad headquarters to the partisan movement during the period when the fighting took place. The purity of the award took place on the 26th day of the Great Winter Socialist Revolution.
In the areas of combat operations of the 5th brigade, the plans of the Hitlerite command from the preparation of products and the transfer of the population to Germany were completely disrupted. And Commissar Sergunin, together with the communists, is in great work among the middle-class forces and forces. Often escaping from the population of the occupied areas, Sergunin, with his Bolshevik passionate word, called on the people to mercilessly fight against the German slaughterhouses. Speaking in the village of Kievets, at a rally dedicated to the 26th river of Velikiy Zhovtnya, Commissar of Brigade I. I. Sergunin said: “Spread wider the half of the partisan struggle in the middle of the enemy, do not let the enemy burn our villages, with all your might, with all your might of the Army...” Commissar Sergunin and commander Karitsky correctly understood the complex situation in the area, and the success of the battle The activities of the brigade are significant lying in the shadow of the local scumbags. There were also German garrisons near the village.
Sergunin did not forget about those that after the liberation of the richly suffering land from the occupiers, working life will continue. At the end of the leaf fall, which hit the villages of the Strugo-Krasnensky district, Sergunin learned from Romova and the villagers that the Hitlerites were transporting agricultural equipment and taking grain from the merchants that had been lost this day. And turning to the brigade, he gives an order to the editor of the newspaper “Partisanska Pomsta” to publish materials about the upcoming spring and sowing work.
Instruction 1944 r_k. The partisans were impatiently awaiting the decisive blow of the Radyan Army against the fascist outposts on the side of Novgorod and Leningrad.
On the 14th of September 1944, at the beginning of the offensive of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement ordered: “All forces are direct to help the Red Army advance.”
The 5th Partisan Brigade provided great assistance to the soldiers of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts. Having occupied the village of Okuluzhye, the partisans of the 5th brigade then fought alongside the soldiers of the Radyan Army for the settlements of Vyazhishchi, Khvoshchno, Svyate, Gorodishchi and Inshi.
For their heroic actions and great assistance to the troops of the Radyan Army, in the hour of breaking the blockade of Leningrad, the 5th partisan brigade was awarded two red ensigns from the Volodarsky and Moscow district party committees and vykonkom of Leningrad.
On February 22, 1944, all districts of the Novgorod region were liberated, and the partisans ended their fighting.
The party and the people highly appreciated the combat activity of the Novgorod partisans and communist guerrillas. 5247 partisans were awarded orders and medals of the Radyansky Union, 18 partisans were awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union.
The military exploits of Ivan Ivanovich are well appreciated by the Batkivshchyna. His chest is adorned with the mirror of a Hero and a wealth of ordinary towns.
After the war, Sergunin graduated from the party school at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and reported on the effort to renew the enemy-ruined dominion of the Novgorod region.
On June 5, 1966, the plenum of the Novgorod Regional Committee of the CPRS appointed Sergunin as another secretary of the regional committee.
A group of participants in the motor rally “On the Roads of Military Glory of the Gorky People” visited the sickle of rock near Novgorod. Ivan Ivanovich warmly greeted his fellow countrymen, getting to know them from the place, with its numerous historical and architectural monuments.
Novgorodians will choose the names of heroic warriors who gave their lives in the fight against the Nazi occupiers. Along the ancient walls of the Novgorod Kremlin, the graves of soldiers and officers who perished for liberation are dear to the heart of every inhabitant.
It is welcome to turn to the native place of Gorky as a Hero of the Radyansky Union... Ale Ivan Ivanovich, having lost himself on this land, which is watered with the blood of his military friends.
An hour of noticeable damage to the temples of the commissar of the 5th partisan brigade. In 1966, I faced fifty fates, but in the eyes of our fellow countryman, as before, an unquenchable fire burns, and in the chest beats the heart of a commissar.
Polina Georgiyevna Khristoforova
GUERILLA RUKH
AT PIVDENNO-ZAKHODI NOVGORODCHIN
Ukrainian partisan pen
On the first day of the occupation of the Soletsk region, the heroic struggle of sub-conspirators and partisans against the Nazi fascists began. Cut from the Radian til and not a little bit of battle evidence, they fought against the fences of the enemy, carved to the teeth. This is how the fighting and trading partisan war was carried out, commanded by the secretary of the district party committee G.A. Ryabkov and the head of the district committee A.Ya. Shilov.
In the first battles against the Nazis, as the partisans fought, they had a chance to acquire a lot of armor, ammunition and uniforms. The partisans had no choice but to warm up and dry their clothes. The fascist firemen decided to isolate the local population from the partisans and save the remaining support for the local residents. The fascists impoverished the people associated with the partisans like beasts. In town squares, near villages, on telegraph stations, in trees near parks and gardens, punitive forces hanged the Radyan patriots, they sent the Gestapo to their attention, and in every way they fled away the clatter and unwillingness of the Radyansky people. But in the place of one killed patriot there were dozens and hundreds of new fighters. The population of the occupied villages respected the partisans with their soldiers, their armored strength, and helped them in every way; they began to fight against Hitler’s slaughterers.
For example, lime tree 1941 driving away a group of fascists near the village. Dribnitsa and burying military trophies. Near Veresna, the partisans sent a military train under the forces of the enemy at the exit of Kchera. On the road Pavshitsy-Lyudyatino they shot a column of warriors and along the road Mikolayevo-Utorgosh they buried the fascist mail. Particularly important battles were fought by the partisans in the spring of 1942, when the German command, to fight the partisans and to protect their communications, placed troops in all settlements in the region and created large field police and punitive forces. and drive it. While fighting, the partisans were aware of great losses. The fascists, having tried to deprive the partisans, followed them on their heels. But it didn’t work out that way: the people’s messengers, having divided into three groups, ruled the ambush and gave the punishers a blow. The Nazis began to arrive, picking up the killed and wounded, and began re-examining the partisans.
Further combat activities of the Utorgosh partisans were carried out at the warehouse of the fifth partisan brigade.
5th Partisan Brigade
1943 was a turning point in the course of the Great German War. The Radyan Army achieved great victories on Volzia and near Kursk. The troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts broke the blockade of Leningrad. In Sichna and Fierce, born 1943. The army of the Pivnichno-Zakhidny front lost the consolidation of military forces near the area of Velikiy Luki and Dem'yanska. The expulsion of the German fascist prison guards from the territory of the Radyansk region began.
This river has become characteristic of the partisan movement, which has cut off mass development in all occupied regions of the country. It grew, dwindled and expanded. In the hidden areas of the Novgorod region, the partisans united with the 5th partisan brigade, which was commanded by the Heroes of the Radyansky Union Kostyantin Denisovich Karitsky and commissar Ivan Ivanovich Sergunin (later secretary of the Novgorod regional committee of the CPRS). The brigade acted near Utorgoshsky, Batetsky, Soletsky and others. areas where the most important communications took place - gates to Vitebsk, Novgorod-Luga, Dno-Pskov, highways. Behind them, the fascist German command supplied its troops with military equipment, ammunition, food and human reserves. The brigade conducted great military operations, cleared populated areas from punitive forces, followed their established “orders”, the organs of the occupying power.
The most sensitive blows were delivered in the area of the climb in order to disorganize the German forces and complicate the normal progress of the hostile army and its entry. The partisans broke the rapt floods on the slopes, sanitized the canvas, sent trains and armored trains under attack, and sabotaged bridges. The German fascist firemen never found peace in the face of the people’s messengers, they were powerless to survive any kind of violence to fight them and hoped to escape alive.
5th Partisan Brigade for the period from the spring of 1943. to this day 1944 defeated dozens of great garrisons of the enemy, the salivary stations of Peredolska and Lemenka, the roz'izd of Kcheri and Morino. And since then, the most important highway, which was the life of the Novgorod group of German troops, was completely closed - the Mikolayvo-Utorgosh-Vedmid highway. Over the course of two months, the brigade defeated three great attacks by punitive German expeditions.
Until the end of the fierce year 1944. I mean part of the territory of the Leningrad region, near Crimea and Siltsia, was liberated from the Nazi occupiers and the partisans, who were active in the territory of the Soletsky region, ended the fighting.
Gorodishchensky sub-dieselmen
Boys and girls fought in the Great Patriotic War, as if only yesterday they had flown without a turbo into the field, to get enough of the aroma of the wind, to pick the ends of the leaves. The stinks also came into contact with the enemy. The stinks swore to take revenge mercilessly for the bedrooms, the ruined places and villages, for the shelter of murdered relatives, for the torment and suffering. Such were the city’s sub-militaries, who played a minor role in the defeat of the German occupiers in Soletska. Nimi keruvala 5th partisan brigade. The intercessor of the commissar of the brigade with the Komsomol robots, Babenko, more than once met with the subordinates, giving them instructions and specific tasks. Through their Komsomol members Zhenya Nazarova, Masha Blokhina and Masha Stepanova, a permanent bond was established with the auxiliaries. They brought stench from the headquarters of the order, leaflets and newspapers.
At the side of the underground group were Tetyana Timofiyevna Yakovleva (below - teacher of the Gorodishchensk Eight-Fold School), Natalya Ivanova and Sasha Sidina. Fedya Maksimov was the manager of the group, and his brother Petro was appointed as the most insecure handicap. Seemingly, having noticed a roar of hostile cars on the Utorgosh-Mikolaevo highway, Fedko, in front of the Hitlerites, pinned me under the place, picked up two vandals and hit two German motorcyclists, and near the Settlement tearing up another German car with soldiers and ammunition on the bridge. On the Gorodishche-Zvad highway, he used a grenade to snatch a passenger car from an armored car escort and three German officers who were directly in the car.
The fighters were surrounded by the sights and sounds of the partisans at the gate. They were scouted and transmitted information about the numbers, expansion and transfer of enemy troops, distributed leaflets and newspapers among the population, and transmitted information about the atrocities of the Hitlerites against local residents to the partisan headquarters. During the transmission of such information, a hostile tank was destroyed on the Vsheli-Gorodishche road.
On the 26th day of the Yellow Revolution, young soldiers Natasha Ivanova and Anya Lyasota, going to the Great Risik, erected a red ensign in the center of the village of Utorgosh, on which was written: “Death to the German occupiers!” And again, the red ensign, installed by Sasha Sidina and Tanya Yakovleva, majors over the German army near the Settlement. The fascists were afraid for three days to remove the ensign, fearing that they would be replaced.
Bear subs
The Medved soldiers Sashko Kulikov, Roman Sharkov, Vanya Zinov'ev, Yasha Pashkov, Galya Sharkova, Petya Ganin, Mikhailo Kulikov and others staunchly and courageously captured the Fatherland. They gave everything they could to overcome. Fellow villagers sacredly swear by their names. The Bear Museum and the village library have collected great and valuable material about the life of young soldiers.
The Batkivshchyna highly appreciated the feat of the young heroes. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the SRSR, for their courage and bravery, the fate of the war was revealed during the war, the young patriots of the Medved group were posthumously awarded the Order of the Great Patriotic War.
Guerrilla priests
The Russian Orthodox Church has always cherished the spirit of our people through important experiences. So it was during the hour of the Great German War, when all churches prayed for victory over Nazism and collected donations for the army. The priests fought for the Batkivshchyna and won it in their hands. Father Fedir (Puzanov), rector of the Borkiv church, which was located in the Soletsky district of the Leningrad region, after the Germans burned the temple, came to the partisan regiment of Chebikin and seized the armor. You saw a captured machine gun and grenades. Father Fedir fought well and bravely, for which he received honors from the city.
The rector of the Vidon Church in the Utorgoshsky district, Father Methodius (Belov), raised donations to the national defense fund during the occupation of the territory. The money and valuables were then transported to Moscow. In addition, Father Methodius became involved in intelligence: he obtained information necessary for the partisans. The fascists beat the priest at the Dno station under the hour of extreme guard over the transfer of German troops and tortured him to death at the Gestapo. (Quoted from: Mikhailo Ershov. “Liturgy during the days of the blockade.” In the newspaper “For Orthodoxy and Autocracy” No. 7 (42) for the spring of 2004)
The greatest historical victory of the Red Army near Stalingrad, breaking through the enemy blockade of Leningrad with our troops, and other victories in the Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus and on the Central Front allowed us to clear fascist occupations antiv 2/3 of the Radyansky land and make the Hitlerites go on the defensive.
The partisan movement in the occupied territory of the Leningrad region became especially stronger during this period. Born in 1943 One by one, the great partisan alliances emerged in the 16th and 18th Hitlerite armies, which stood near Leningrad, Novgorod and Staraya Rus.
On those days, the 5th brigade was born in battles, its formation began on February 10, 1944. in the Pskov region, commander of the military brigade K.F. Karitsky, commissar - I.I. Sergunin, chief of staff - T.A. Novikov. The formation of the brigade took place in folding minds. The Nazis carried out one punitive expedition after another.
Once the formation of the brigade was completed, the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement designated the territory of Utorgoshsky, Batetsky, Soletsky, the pivdenny part of Luzsky, Strugokrasnensky, part of the Dnivsky and Porkhivsky districts as the area of combat operations. The territory is small and of great strategic importance: Pivnichno-Zakhidna, Volkhovskaya and Leningradskaya grouped enemies stood here, the roads passed through: Warsaw and Vitebsk, Pskov-Porkhov-Dno-Stara Russa, the Pskov-Luga highway, Mikolayvo- Shimsk-Stara Russa. Behind these communications came the rise of the fascist groupings to all that was necessary. Back, at sundown, the enemy’s transport and visas were robbed from the Radian people of Maino. This is where the main lines of the military forces lay. At the same time, the occupation administration prepared agricultural products and armor for the army.
The 5th brigade was given a task - to carry out continuous attacks on highways and roads, destroy enemy transport, disrupt telephone and telegraph communications, conduct reconnaissance for the Red Army, disorganize the economical entry of the occupiers, raise population to actively fight against the fascists, the enemy’s army , to help the soldiers of three fronts destroy the German prisons near Leningrad and Novgorod.
During the period of the popular uprising, the fighting activities of the partisans became particularly widespread. Under the control of the rebels, entire regions, large villages along the slopes and highways fell asleep. A lot of Radian people were stolen from the fascist penal servitude. So, for example, 1943. Yegorov's regiment at the village of Utorgosh-Dno, having buried three trains of Radian people, who were being transported to Nimechchina. The security echelon was reduced, and nearly 1,200 individuals were released from fascist captivity.
During this period, the Hitlerites, having left the village of Lubin, launched a “poach” on the local philistines. At the Nizi station, carriages were already available to transport our people to Nimechchina. The brigade command sent a group of machine gunners to the village. The battle and the Hitlerites fled Lubinje. Approximately 350 residents were liberated, many of whom joined the partisan camps from the war.
The events of 1943 developed rapidly. near the Soletsk region, where the organs of the Radyansky government were renewed. The Communist L.S. Gabasov, a participant in the partisan struggle, welcomed the Organizational Tribunal. I.I.Tymoshenko and the head of the Soletskaya village A.V.Ivanov went to this warehouse. Members of the troika carried out collections in the villages and cleared up the encampments at the fronts. The villagers unanimously praised the decision to spread the everyday life of the forest camps for the residents of those villages where the Germans had been. My fathers lived in such a camp near Platkivsky Bor. At the gathering there were many people willing to volunteer to join the partisans.
While camping in the forest camps, the villagers even more closely linked their lives with the partisans, at the same time they went to battlefields, cleared rubble, destroyed bridges, and fueled the forest. Residents of the villages of Veretie, Polyany, Velika and Male Zaborivya, in one night, the partisans dismantled and burned six bridges on the Ploskovo-Dubrov-Silets highway. Everyone who could wield a crowbar or a huge chisel came to this work. The villagers of the villages of Zarichya, together with the partisans, took part in the nightly influx in the villages of the Dno-Siltsy salivary.
The villagers of the villages of Yurkovo and Kryukovo were clearing a bunch of rubble on the Dubrovo-Porich road, blocking the routes for the Hitlerites. Residents of the village of Dubrovskaya sіlradia, under the construction of the newly-important trio of M.P. Gavrilov, tore up all the bridges on the Yazvische-Island road.
During the fight against the fierce enemy, the partisans of the 5th brigade lost over 14,000 fascist soldiers and officers, took in 36 senior officers, sent 81 trains with combat equipment under attack, and destroyed 3 armored vehicles. Drive, 229 and 21 vehicles were damaged, 399 vehicles were destroyed, 6 buses, 16 tanks, a lot of convoys, warehouses, garages, motorcycles and other military vehicles, lane,
The 5th Partisan Brigade had a large number of residents of the Soletsky district who had fought with the Hitlerites on their own, and thus the days of liberation from the Nazis were approaching in the city of Novgorod and Siltsi. Many of them have already retired from life. They fought on the land of Novgorod: Kulebin A.M., Ivanov N.P., Zhelezkov I.I., Kotova A.V., Sokolov G.I.
20 Sep 1944 r. units of the 59th Army cleared Novgorod of the Nazi burial grounds. For 29 months, the Nazi barbarians occupied the city of Novgorod. The stinks burned and destroyed all the living, huge and industrial enterprises. Ancient architectural monuments were also severely damaged, and their activities were turned into ruins.
O.M. BARANOV, partisans of the 5th partisan brigade, member of the veterans' radio.
The 5th Partisan Brigade gave additional help to these units of the Volkhov Front, which, having broken through to the Kiev Highway, were clearly the most important forces of the enemy. The 256th Infantry Division, as well as parts of the 372nd Division, were finally deployed, in addition to the 7th Tank Brigade and other formations, scattered on the same front, without ammunition. and food.
The command of the 5th Partisan Brigade, knowing the fighting area well, helped a large number of different fighters to establish connections with each other, unite and support the partisans to repel enemy attacks. The district party committee, which was here at the same time from the commands of the 5th brigade, helped organize the recovery of the exhausted troops, raising concerns about the wounded, about the evacuation of them by forest stitches to Radiansky soil. At the request of the district committee, the population took an active part in helping the military.
“The formation of a well-honed grouping,” the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement reported, “is taking place along the lines of the partisans. Around the disparate groups of Red Army soldiers, they will be poured in and quickly ordered by the commander of the 5th party Zan brigade". Due to its numerical strength, the 5th brigade overthrew the fatherland army. One of these regiments, under the command of A.F. Tarakanov, acted simultaneously with the troops in the ring, and then decided after him, with repeated attacks on the forces and communications of the enemy grouping, which was causing the extremity.
The enemy, with all his might, fought hard to protect the Radian units and the partisans who were acting alongside them. Through the installation of loudspeakers, the Hitlerites tried to demoralize the Radian soldiers. “You are sharpened with a thick ring,” the stinkers shouted, “don’t lie to the partisan bandits. If you don’t surrender, you will be destitute.” Colonel A.G. Koziev, who arrived at the order of the Army for the Volkhov Front on a flight, leaving behind the exiled Radian troops. “A. G. Koziev,” as the commissar of the 5th brigade I. I. Sergunin remembers, “commanded the armies, and we (K. D. Karitsky and I. I. Sergunin. - Yu. P.) commanded our partisan brigade.” . The two fought fiercely in the Radian army and partisans.
Commander of the 59th Army I will greatly assist the partisans in the extremity of the army. T. Korovnikov. “The partisan brigade under the command of K. D. Karitsky, and especially the partisan regiment of Tarakanov,” he wrote, “gained everything possible to help the 256th division. They helped them with noses, horse-drawn transport, shared ammunition, delivered supplies contentment (in the Ur region) - Menyusha), evacuated the wounded and sick from their partisan hospitals.”
Partisan formations, especially the 5th and 11th brigades, largely contributed to the pressure of the Volkhiv Front, their successful exit to the Luga area.
In order to get rid of the guerrillas, the partisans carried out attacks on the highways, as if they were clogged with columns of enemy troops that were advancing, and their tanks, convoys. Blocking roads, ruined bridges, vashtovaya rubble, partisan corrals and the confinement of wide areas of the population by ambush routes exhausted the manpower and technology of the enemy.
Vinyatkovo, a tense struggle flared up over the Kiev Highway, which became, after the blockade of the Warsaw Road, the main communication for the 18th Army, especially the right-flank and central grouping. At the world's door, the military's vantage on the Kiev Highway has grown. Army, corps, division and regiments gathered on this highway. Near the 2nd-3rd rows, cars and carriages collapsed, and colonies with military equipment, tanks, armored vehicles, and artillery arrived. Hiding in large garrisons at the bottom of populated areas and at salvage stations, the Hitlerites tried to ensure the ruin of the highway.
And yet Karitsky’s brigade was allowed to stand. Moreover, it did not only flourish in the new area, but at the end of the summer it began to grow rapidly. As for the activity of combat actions, the following short chronicle of the middle of the forest gives information about it:
late on 07/14/43 – on the highway Utorgosh – Mykolayiv, a place across the Chorna River was cut off;
as of July 15, 1943 – a staff bus with 18 officers was built on the Utorgosh – Mykolaiv highway;
07/16/43 – near the forest battle, the village of Mikolayevo was driven into. over 80 Hitlerites were injured;
nich as of 07/18/43 – a flax plant near the village of Khredine was burned, the Pavska and Vsinskaya volost administrations were destroyed, a place on the Kiev highway was destroyed;
07/24/43 - the guards of a camp of military troops were reduced near the village of Utorgosh, the prisoners were released, most of them were poured into the brigade's warehouse.
It is impossible not to note the successful work of the partisan brigades with local populations. It is clear that one of the main tanks, running behind the yak, can, according to Lenin’s intentions, “pull up the entire Lantzug”, the command of the 5th LPB assigned work to the population of special importance. They carried on steadily and with all the obvious forces: the skins, the skin sabotage group, violating the rules, pledged to propagate and agitate among the local residents. In this manner, the brigade’s zone of political influx expanded to areas that were located near significant distances.
The brigade, identified as an experienced partisan, was sent by the former secretary of the Orediz district party, Ivan Ivanovich Isakov, organizing the issuance and steadily expanding the number of leaflets on the significant territory, distributed nya to the population, the brigade newspaper "Partizanska Pomsta" (101).
They brought the truth to the residents of the occupied areas about the struggles on the war fronts, oriented the citizens of the city to this situation, and called for active action against the occupiers.
Everything bore fruit. Hundreds and hundreds of villagers, representatives of the local intelligentsia, became active supporters of the partisans. Before the wrestlers' lava, the clergy stood up to pray. I remember one of them - F.A. Puzanov. This was the year when the medal “Partisan of the Great White War” was awarded. Due to the active work among the population, the brigade gained reliable support from all its members, a special reserve for its replenishment.
In order for the reader to understand more clearly how quickly the brigade has returned, I will list a few numbers. At the beginning of the spring, in response to the influx of new forces that it had become, the 5th LPB carried out a reorganization of its structure. Regiments came to replace the pens: P. F. Skorodumova, A. F. Tarakanova and S. N. Chebikina. The size of the brigade became 438 people. Already before the beginning of the year, just a month later, the brigade had 3,500 fighters, another regiment was organized - V.V. Egorova, the brigade became the largest in the region and continued to grow rapidly. I think there is no need for comments here.
The creation of regiments and the endowment of greater independence and initiative to them ensured the assignment of new base zones and combat operations to them. Skorodumov's regiment was assigned a zone between Plyussa and Strugami Chervonyi, Tarakanov's regiment - between Plyussa and Lugoya, Chebikin's regiment - between Utorgosh and Batetskoy, Egorov's regiment - between Utorgosh and Soltsy. Thus, over a large territory extending up to 100 every day and immediately going up to 75 kilometers, all the villages of Warsaw and Vitebsk Zaliznytsia, all highway roads stopped under the control of partisans. The fifth brigade, becoming more and more beautiful and larger every day, became in fact the ruler of the new, without sacrificing even a little to the first, and in many ways surpassing the other Partisan region. In order for the region of military operations to be deprived of the right to be called that way, losing one krok; protect the local government and create the organs of our government.
"SEE YOU, COMRADES!" 1943, Veresen - Zhovten
Victory was not easy for us. And not only because we fought against a much stronger enemy. There were our little ones. It was not because of evil intentions that they were convicted, not because of stupidity, not because of fear or unworthiness, and the activities here cannot be sensed. There was a struggle, thousands of people took their fate, all of them lost their victories. All the roads before her were not taken away again and again, unfortunately, without mercy.
* * *
On the 23rd of spring, in Khvoyna, we returned from our deployment to the 11th brigade of the Guzeevs, who, having become attracted, arrived tired, thin, overgrown and worn out. After tasting wine with German tea for two months, they experienced particular activity of carnics. At the same time, they didn’t give me an hour to make repairs and called to headquarters. I flew with him to Leningrad at the same time.
I learned about the reason for such haste from headquarters. The brigade, with which Guzeev turned around, after the decision of the LSPD, deprived the area of combat operations and collapsed on the last day. From the point of view of the police officers at the headquarters (the same is possible for mother inshu!), the central point is NP. Meanwhile, we are furious until the revelation of a participant in this: the author of the book “Volkhov Partisans” V.P. Samukhin: as I already wrote, I myself fought with the 11th brigade.
At the end of the spring, carnival activity began to decline. The brigade, which had previously concentrated its forces for the purpose of conducting re-investigation, again gathered the paddocks. I axis what is behind it:
“They immediately ruled over the people of the command-political structure... Autumn was approaching, and the brigade was in bad shape because of clothes, uniforms, and food. urged to go to The outer districts of Guzeev supported this proposition.
Three routes were split up for the brigade's approach for the day's approach to new places of action. On the 23rd of Wednesday, the wounded and the head of the Volkhov operational group were transported by plane to Radyansky. About an hour later, the three-man brigade was pouring into the road in columns...” (102).
I remember, first of all, what Nikitin said after listening to Guzeev’s testimony:
- So, they spent a lot of time... But who gave the right to the commanders of the pens to serve such food! What is there in them - a partisan brigade or a collective state government? People have fallen ill again...
It must be said that at the beginning of the war, many partisan camps truly experienced “illness.” They rallied in droves, sometimes due to the military situation. The Leningrad headquarters brought in plenty of forces to ensure that the guerrilla warfare was carried out in the same way as the army. This is important: after all, partisans are not an army. It was no different, but order was restored. In connection with this, there was a relapse of the old “illness” in the 11th brigade, looking like a naughty woman. Moreover, to illustrate the depravity of such a method of caring for a good butt, perhaps, it is not possible to know. Judge for yourself: the Leningrad headquarters hangs as one of the most important tasks mastered by the partisans of the lower regions of the region, and the commanders of the 11th brigade, rejoicing, believe that there is no need to fight here, and the brigade is going to Sunday entry.
This is evidence of what I’m saying, having taken away the Guzeevs for everything, being myself. We read about what happened in the brigade from V.P. Samukhin:
“The birds didn’t get far. On the 29th of Wednesday, a radiogram was taken from Leningrad. The headquarters was forced to urgently launch a campaign and seize all the paddocks from a large area.
On the night of the 8th, the planes delivered to the brigade the head of the personnel department of the partisan headquarters P. G. Matveev, the intelligence officer of the Lieutenant Colonel K. T. Vasilenko and A. A. Guzeev. The command and political warehouse of the brigade was immediately assembled, to which the order of the Leningrad headquarters was read about the dismissal of brigade commander A. P. Luchin and chief of staff Z. M. Belyaev from the posad. The commissar of the brigade rejected serious punishment from the punishment.
M.A. Brednikov was named the new brigade commander, and A.I. was appointed chief of staff. Sotnikov..." (103)
The imprisonment of the commander and chief of staff of the brigade is a possibility, of course, and in Leningrad they did not go to such lengths. In this case, without questioning the special person's goodness and special military merits, Luchina and Belyaeva: the headquarters noted that there were more than a large number of breaches at the Kerivnitsa brigade and at this base, putting both types of Kerivnitsya her.
I want to emphasize once again that I have spoken about everything clearly not in order to try to diminish the role of the 11th brigade in the fight against the occupiers, not in order to steal a favor for the sake of profit - the benefit is not our own. V.P. Samukhin is insanely right when he writes: “Now it’s easy to judge. And then, in the heat of the fascist era, no one has insurance against mercy.” And the peace was rightly made; it’s true that the paths of the Leningrad partisans to victory were paved with more than just successes. Just what is there to compare? The one before us is about the magnificent complexity of struggle.
And the 11th Brigade faced many more glorious trials. And I will also tell you about them.
In the occupied areas of the Leningrad region, the eve of the forty-third year became the month of the beginning of the insurgent people's uprising. These days the floors developed rapidly, so it was important to stitch them up. The hatred of the Radyan people, which had accumulated over the course of two or more years, splashed out into the fire pits with a violent swell, destroying in just a short hour all that which the Hitlerites called the “new order”. The enemy was holding the front, but he could not control the formation of his own forces. The final stage of the struggle began at the frontier near Leningrad. Its scope, mass, scale and through many fates can defeat reality.
These days, the operatives of the operational group, have a lot of peace. The creations of the mind allowed the planning and execution of further military actions. The activity of guerrilla operations increased greatly, and this meant that the operatives at the headquarters had a clear and unmitigated order, precise coordination of the movement of all these great forces that were assigned to our subordinates. The rapid increase in the number of partisan brigades required further material support. The radiograms from the enemy were similar, like cartridges in a clip: they used to guess that they contained food - they asked for rifles, machine guns, and ammunition.
The bases at Khvoyny and Oleksandrivsky again worked on the boundary. The pilots, as it seemed to me, did not leave their pilots. And there wasn't enough of it. Our capabilities did not reach beyond the limits.
We discovered new and new reserves. They plundered everything that they could and told those that in principle they could not. Well, in order for the reader to have a clearer picture of what happened, I first want to briefly tell you about what the uprising of the Hitlerites was like.
It didn't fall asleep on its own. Until that hour, the Leningrad partisans stopped hanging around in the forests, they entered the villages, thereby demonstrating to the population their maturity, their ignorance of the enemy, their dignity to give to their decision. The people sharply activated the forces of support for the fireplaces, which were immediately oppressed by the cruelty of the occupiers, but were never exhausted. The cup of hatred has long since been filled to the brim. Now a drop was needed so that the people's patience would come to an end. And this became the final order of the German command - the creation of a so-called “dead zone” in the frontline smoothie.
We know that without support from the local population, the partisans remain extremely weak, considering the insecurity of the people's struggle, which has grown, in their own style and not knowing for their strangulation of other interests, the command of the army group "Pivnich" under a decision has been made: to hang residents of all front-line areas upon entry , they will be confiscated and the populated areas will be devastated. The partisans wereted little on the results of the base, and Germany - to reject the gratuitous labor force that was transferred to vikorism for the development of defense disputes and other robots of small importance. The confiscated goods, thinness, and agricultural products are unlikely to plug the gap that has created a legacy of mass sabotage, which practically snatched away the plan of the occupiers in the forty-third year, which was planted near Leningrad.
It was almost spring before the Hitlerites finally completed their plans. And they immediately stuck up with an unbreakable support, growing every day and not succumbing to the frequent weakening either by force or cunning. The Gdovsk police commandant's office, for example, went to such cunning. The beast released by her to the population said: “The German army wants to decisively put an end to the partisans in its front. So that the peaceful population does not suffer from critical actions that will be stopped before the partisans and their henchmen, on It seems your misceivism is to evacuate" (104). Well, the people know the fair price of the "turbo" of the occupiers! No one wants to evacuate voluntarily. And then the Hitlerites began to act by force of armor: they burst into villages, drove out the bastards from the budinki, who, having made an operation, shot at the place, drove the village under an armored convoy on the way out. They burned at home. Most of the villagers' thinness and bread were confiscated and sent to Germany.
The wind, having sown, reaps the storm, says the old saying. And the storm broke out. The entire people have risen up to fight openly. During the healing days of the insurrection, all occupied areas of the region were buried. The axis is a series of dates and numbers.
On June 21, Hitler’s command issued an order for the permanent evacuation of the population “to the extent of their abilities and capabilities” (105).
24th spring Leningrad Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) attacked the population of the occupied areas of the region from beasts of war: do not submit to German rule, cancel all their plans, rise to fight (106).
On June 27, the newspaper “For the Radyanska Batkivshchyna” published a denunciation of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan Rukh to the partisans of the Leningrad region. No one was aware of the need to force blows on the fireplaces, to take the peaceful population under his protection, to suppress the people’s struggle, so that everything was expanding (107).
And in the first ten days of the year, the partisan formations reached their bases, about 3000 people - which is almost as many as there were partisans in the region at the beginning of 1943.
In numerous newspapers and leaflets that were distributed throughout the partisans in those days, brigade commanders called on the population not to obey Hitler’s order, to go to the forest, take up arms and fight. The newspaper of the 5th LPB “Partisanska Pomsta” wrote on June 17:
"There are thousands of people in full force in the fascist battle against the German bandits. Goodbye, comrades! Join the nation-wide struggle against the fascists! Germans lie on your conscience" (108) .
I already wrote about those that the 5th brigade had up to seven thousand people in its lava before the start of winter (although it started with only three hundred!). The development of other areas was similar.
The task force became restless because every day there was an increasing shortage of pilots and soldiers. There would never be enough supplies and ammunition, but because of these needs we could rush to the headquarters of the Volkhov Front and may soon find support and help there. K. A. Meretskov and T. F. Shtikov, as I already wrote, raised our concerns with the greatest respect, and satisfied them as best they could. However, as far as we can see, the hostile stench was not able to help us with the transferred equipment. At this time, the Volkhiv Front was considered “quiet” and therefore took away the bedroom from the smallest number of people. Aviation commander, Lieutenant General I. P. Zhuravlyov himself was in approximately the same position as us - on the surface of the skin there is a skin flap. And yet, he ordered the light bombers to fly to the partisans at daylight hours.
We twisted around as best we could. We were asked, for example, to see the unfortunate number of LI-2 pilots Valentina Stepanivna Grizodubova, who commanded the air regiment based nearby. It wasn’t easy to get hold of her, but when she was done she came to us promptly and turned it around really well. A few days later, following Nikitin’s order, I was dispatched to Moscow, to General Kormilitsin, who received military support from the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. I would like to respectfully ask the regional party committee for the donation of an additional fund directly assigned to our “partisan” air regiment.
At this time, the Chervona Army was conducting active military operations on the modern fronts and in the center. Forged the Dnieper. From here Kiev will be taken... But it’s still quiet on our fronts. No offensive operations were planned here for the near future. In connection with this, there is no hope of removing the bedroom from the established norms, apparently, there was no chance. I have rejected the witness from all authorities, as if there were any confusions to be avoided, first having gone to the reception before Kormilitsin. We also immediately put ourselves before our decision in exactly the same way as we had been forced to do, and then, having listened (and, I must say, with great respect) my talk about the camp of the warlord near Leningrad - about the growth of the partisan army, about the people's stand up, about those What is our success today, as we understand that we will support the rebels, and also, since we know the dormitory for the pilots, the General raptly chuckled before saying:
- Garazd, Major, reconverted. Will there be more mischief?
Not only did he inform us that he was very pleased with our request, but he also immediately contacted Air Marshal Astakhov on the phone and asked about seeing a number of transport aircraft at our disposal at that time. We could no longer dream about them.
* * *
The list of the main partisan forces that were active at that time in the Leningrad region looks like this: 1st Regiment, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 11th Brigades. Six great ones come together at once. All the smells grew rapidly, and on June 27 the Leningrad headquarters praised the decision to reorganize. On the basis of the 2nd LPB the 2nd, 6th, 7th and 9th brigades were formed, and on the basis of the 1st adjacent regiment - the 1st and 8th brigades. Around this time, on the basis of one of the regiments of the 3rd brigade, another brigade was formed - the 10th. In this way, a number of great partisan formations in the Leningrad region may have been reduced.
In connection with this, I would like to once again increase the reader’s respect for the role that the 2nd Leningrad Partisan Brigade named after Mikoli Grigorovich Vasiliev played in the partisan struggle. As you remember, the 1st Army Regiment saw her at one time or another. Well, six of the eleven brigades are a direct continuation of Vasiliev’s brigade. It was our academy during the first period of the war, it was the forge of command cadres, and it became the motherland of the main partisan forces at the final stage.
P'YATA GUERILLA. 1943, zhovten - chest
In those days of life of the 5th LPB we were extremely rich in life. Such intensity, such a wide range of military actions, which would have been possible to cover almost the entire arsenal of guerrilla tactics of that period, could not, perhaps, be credited to anyone else.
I remember that on one occasion I joined the brigade just at the hour when it had completed one of its most important operations and had begun a series of others that would bring it great fame and great national wealth.
The first operation was a 50-kilometer march of the 5th LPB, which it deployed in a large warehouse, in a column of thousands, openly, in front of the population and hostile garrisons, who fearfully scattered. The brigade left the area between the lakes Vrevo and Svyateyske, passed the villages of Chervoni Girki, Khvoshino, Svyate, Nevezhitsi, Konozerya and finally occupied the area adjacent to the village of Kievets. It was a demonstration of partisan strength. Hundreds of people have come to the conclusion that there is an army of people's warriors - highly organized, disciplined, well-mannered, not afraid of the enemy.
We couldn’t afford anything like this before. However, the hour changed and such a campaign became not only possible, but brought no less violence, less sabotage on the roads and battles with the enemy. Not only that, on the way of the brigade, all organs of the occupation government were reduced and the rule of the people was established on significant territory. No less important was the fact that the news of the guerrillas’ intrusion had spread for many kilometers, calling for a new voice of popular support for the firemen. K. D. Karitsky himself called the radiograms “the result of the defeat of our influx,” which led to the implementation of the activities of the occupation government in 14 volosts. The march of the 5th LPB became the greatest organizing action, the greatest demonstration for the popular uprising in the central region of the region. The central rebel region began to fold itself at this hour.
And I have guessed a series of operations - the liberation of the Radian citizens from the theft of fascist slavery. These were the first similar operations near Leningrad. And Volodymyr Vasilyovich Yegorov’s regiment became a pioneer - then simply Volodya Yegorov, who was then one of the youngest partisan commanders: he commanded a regiment of 1200 fighters in nineteen rocks. 23 thousand people pledged their freedom to this regiment. For his significant military services, Yegorov was awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union. In fact, the 5th LPB kidnapped over 40 thousand people to Germany.
Tsikava details. When Yegorov’s partisans broke the first echelon and took the civilian population under the protection of their regiment, no one in the brigade, regardless of the obvious unimportance of the operation carried out, did not accept it as a matter of priority, did not intend to rejoice about tse okremo to Leningrad - they just wanted to turn it on until the end of the day . Just for my genuine joy, Karitsky sent a radiogram. And immediately withdrawing the answer from Nikitin:
“By my order on October 16, 1943, your brigade was awarded the ensign of the Leningrad headquarters for the killing of civilians, whom the Germans were trying to transport in three trains to fascist slavery. step.
Bring to the city of fighters and commanders. Minor blows to the enemy, stop your plans to kidnap peaceful citizens to hard labor.
...The order is given to all the special warehouses of the pens and regiments of the brigade entrusted to you" (109).
I am writing about this in order to once again speak out: in those days, during the war, they thought little about the towns; the main turbo was on the right, which people gave themselves without excess.
* * *
At the new stage of the fight against the enemy, both guerrilla tactics and combat methods became new. We can safely say that the very scene of combat operations has changed, while the majority of the episodes have become completely new in their meta. Since, for example, previously, when the warehouses were poured into the warehouses of the gates, we were trying to get everything that was saved for them, now we went to the gates and went around the villages or in the forest - they were waiting for the arrival of their own, they tried to save the people's property. On the train routes, the dedals were often not allowed to walk under their skins, but rather squealed while walking in front of them. This was dictated by the fact that Radyan people could be standing near the carriages, stealing Nimechchina. Until the end of the fighting from the enemy, the stench became more and more often of an offensive nature.
At that time, a whole galaxy of partisan commanders of a new type had grown up - they had taken away from them all the rich combat evidence accumulated by the people's mechanics since the beginning of the war.
The first among them I, without any hesitation, will name brigade commander Kostyantin Dionisiovich Karitsky. I remember him from the Partisan region, where I commanded one of the battalions of the 1st brigade. This people had to go through a difficult battle, knowing victories and defeats, leading people into an attack, stepping up, and killing comrades - everything happened.
A person of great special courage, bravery, cold-blooded in battle, a quick-witted tactician who keenly sensed every change in the combat situation and responded without mercy to everything, Karitsky has a great talent for caring for people. Perhaps everything was different in the world: ability and, at the same time, sensitivity to people, commanding authority and respect for someone else’s thoughts, fearlessness and caution, integrity and respect for others. And the promotion of partisans to their commander was miraculous. You were loved, you were trusted recklessly.
I remember, in one of the divisions of the brigade, I found Karitsky behind such a right: evening, the partisans’ hut was still there, and in the middle there was a brigade commander, and he was reading Yesenin’s riddle. Declamation, of course, is not bozna-yak - not a professional, but it was a mystery! - and you would have heard how the partisans heard him... Having known the world and sharing them with people, that’s all. Without hearing, without subtly following the artist: simply by guessing the voice. I yomu buli for this day.
This is truly not a gesture, not a “shag” to the authority of the brigade commander. Nina, I’ll explain what I call this word.
Once we had one person in the 1st regiment, a military officer, who was a partisan, they started guessing about him, but for some reason they had not figured out for a long time. I remember, I was tickled - why is it so popular? And when the next time one of the fighters asked me why it wasn’t visible, I chuckled:
- What, do you need to talk?
“No, no need,” he confirms.
V. Egorov, the brigade became the largest in the region and continued to grow rapidly. I think there is no need for comments here.
The creation of regiments and the endowment of greater independence and initiative to them ensured the assignment of new base zones and combat operations to them. Skorodumov's regiment was assigned a zone between Plyussa and Strugami Chervonyi, Tarakanov's regiment - between Plyussa and Lugoya, Chebikin's regiment - between Utorgosh and Batetskoy, Egorov's regiment - between Utorgosh and Soltsy. Thus, over a large territory extending up to 100 every day and immediately going up to 75 kilometers, all the villages of Warsaw and Vitebsk Zaliznytsia, all highway roads stopped under the control of partisans. The fifth brigade, becoming more and more beautiful and larger every day, became in fact the ruler of the new, without sacrificing even a little to the first, and in many ways surpassing the other Partisan region. In order for the region of military operations to be deprived of the right to be called that way, losing one krok; protect the local government and create the organs of our government.
"SEE YOU, COMRADES!" 1943, Veresen - Zhovten
Victory was not easy for us. And not only because we fought against a much stronger enemy. There were our little ones. It was not because of evil intentions that they were convicted, not because of stupidity, not because of fear or unworthiness, and the activities here cannot be sensed. There was a struggle, thousands of people took their fate, all of them lost their victories. All the roads before her were not taken away again and again, unfortunately, without mercy.
* * *
On the 23rd of spring, in Khvoyna, we returned from our deployment to the 11th brigade of the Guzeevs, who, having become attracted, arrived tired, thin, overgrown and worn out. After tasting wine with German tea for two months, they experienced particular activity of carnics. At the same time, they didn’t give me an hour to make repairs and called to headquarters. I flew with him to Leningrad at the same time.
I learned about the reason for such haste from headquarters. The brigade, with which Guzeev turned around, after the decision of the LSPD, deprived the area of combat operations and collapsed on the last day. From the point of view of the police officers at the headquarters (the same is possible for mother inshu!), the central point is NP. Meanwhile, we are furious until the revelation of a participant in this: the author of the book “Volkhov Partisans” V.P. Samukhin: as I already wrote, I myself fought with the 11th brigade.
At the end of the spring, carnival activity began to decline. The brigade, which had previously concentrated its forces for the purpose of conducting re-investigation, again gathered the paddocks. I axis what is behind it:
“They immediately ruled over the people of the command-political structure... Autumn was approaching, and the brigade was in bad shape because of clothes, uniforms, and food. urged to go to The outer districts of Guzeev supported this proposition.
Three routes were split up for the brigade's approach for the day's approach to new places of action. On the 23rd of Wednesday, the wounded and the head of the Volkhov operational group were transported by plane to Radyansky. About an hour later, the trio brigade was pouring into the road in columns ... "102.
I remember, first of all, what Nikitin said after listening to Guzeev’s testimony:
- So, they spent a lot of time... But who gave the right to the commanders of the pens to serve such food! What is there in them - a partisan brigade or a collective state government? People have fallen ill again...
It must be said that at the beginning of the war, many partisan camps truly experienced “illness.” They rallied in droves, sometimes due to the military situation. The Leningrad headquarters brought in plenty of forces to ensure that the guerrilla warfare was carried out in the same way as the army. This is important: after all, partisans are not an army. It was no different, but order was restored. In connection with this, there was a relapse of the old “illness” in the 11th brigade, looking like a naughty woman. Moreover, to illustrate the depravity of such a method of caring for a good butt, perhaps, it is not possible to know. Judge for yourself: the Leningrad headquarters hangs as one of the most important tasks mastered by the partisans of the lower regions of the region, and the commanders of the 11th brigade, rejoicing, believe that there is no need to fight here, and the brigade is going to Sunday entry.
This is evidence of what I’m saying, having taken away the Guzeevs for everything, being myself. We read about what happened in the brigade from V.P. Samukhin:
“The birds didn’t get far. On the 29th of Wednesday, a radiogram was taken from Leningrad. The headquarters was forced to urgently launch a campaign and seize all the paddocks from a large area.
On the night of the 8th, the planes delivered to the brigade the head of the personnel department of the partisan headquarters P. G. Matveev, the intelligence officer of the Lieutenant Colonel K. T. Vasilenko and A. A. Guzeev. The command and political warehouse of the brigade was immediately assembled, to which the order of the Leningrad headquarters was read about the dismissal of brigade commander A. P. Luchin and chief of staff Z. M. Belyaev from the posad. The commissar of the brigade rejected serious punishment from the punishment.
M.A. Brednikov was named the new brigade commander, and A.I. was appointed chief of staff. Sotnikov ... "103
The imprisonment of the commander and chief of staff of the brigade is a possibility, of course, and in Leningrad they did not go to such lengths. In this case, without questioning the special person's goodness and special military merits, Luchina and Belyaeva: the headquarters noted that there were more than a large number of breaches at the Kerivnitsa brigade and at this base, putting both types of Kerivnitsya her.
I want to emphasize once again that I have spoken about everything clearly not in order to try to diminish the role of the 11th brigade in the fight against the occupiers, not in order to steal a favor for the sake of profit - the benefit is not our own. V.P. Samukhin is insanely right when he writes: “Now it’s easy to judge. And then, in the heat of the fascist era, no one has insurance against mercy.” And the peace was rightly made; it’s true that the paths of the Leningrad partisans to victory were paved with more than just successes. Just what is there to compare? The one before us is about the magnificent complexity of struggle.
And the 11th Brigade faced many more glorious trials. And I will also tell you about them.
In the occupied areas of the Leningrad region, the eve of the forty-third year became the month of the beginning of the insurgent people's uprising. These days the floors developed rapidly, so it was important to stitch them up. The hatred of the Radyan people, which had accumulated over the course of two or more years, splashed out into the fire pits with a violent swell, destroying in just a short hour all that which the Hitlerites called the “new order”. The enemy was holding the front, but he could not control the formation of his own forces. The final stage of the struggle began at the frontier near Leningrad. Its scope, mass, scale and through many fates can defeat reality.
These days, the operatives of the operational group, have a lot of peace. The creations of the mind allowed the planning and execution of further military actions. The activity of guerrilla operations increased greatly, and this meant that the operatives at the headquarters had a clear and unmitigated order, precise coordination of the movement of all these great forces that were assigned to our subordinates. The rapid increase in the number of partisan brigades required further material support. The radiograms from the enemy were similar, like cartridges in a clip: they used to guess that they contained food - they asked for rifles, machine guns, and ammunition.
The bases at Khvoyny and Oleksandrivsky again worked on the boundary. The pilots, as it seemed to me, did not leave their pilots. And there wasn't enough of it. Our capabilities did not reach beyond the limits.
We discovered new and new reserves. They plundered everything that they could and told those that in principle they could not. Well, in order for the reader to have a clearer picture of what happened, I first want to briefly tell you about what the uprising of the Hitlerites was like.
It didn't fall asleep on its own. Until that hour, the Leningrad partisans stopped hanging around in the forests, they entered the villages, thereby demonstrating to the population their maturity, their ignorance of the enemy, their dignity to give to their decision. The people sharply activated the forces of support for the fireplaces, which were immediately oppressed by the cruelty of the occupiers, but were never exhausted. The cup of hatred has long since been filled to the brim. Now a drop was needed so that the people's patience would come to an end. And this became the final order of the German command - the creation of a so-called “dead zone” in the frontline smoothie.
We know that without support from the local population, the partisans remain extremely weak, considering the insecurity of the people's struggle, which has grown, in their own style and not knowing for their strangulation of other interests, the command of the army group "Pivnich" under a decision has been made: to hang residents of all front-line areas upon entry , they will be confiscated and the populated areas will be devastated. The partisans wereted little on the results of the base, and Germany - to reject the gratuitous labor force that was transferred to vikorism for the development of defense disputes and other robots of small importance. The confiscated goods, thinness, and agricultural products are unlikely to plug the gap that has created a legacy of mass sabotage, which practically snatched away the plan of the occupiers in the forty-third year, which was planted near Leningrad.
It was almost spring before the Hitlerites finally completed their plans. And they immediately stuck up with an unbreakable support, growing every day and not succumbing to the frequent weakening either by force or cunning. The Gdovsk police commandant's office, for example, went to such cunning. The beast released by her to the population said: “The German army wants to decisively put an end to the partisans in its front. So that the peaceful population does not suffer from critical actions that will be stopped before the partisans and their henchmen, on It seems your misceivism is to evacuate"104. Well, the people know the fair price of the "turbo" of the occupiers! No one wants to evacuate voluntarily. And then the Hitlerites began to act by force of armor: they burst into villages, drove out the bastards from the budinki, who, having made an operation, shot at the place, drove the village under an armored convoy on the way out. They burned at home. Most of the villagers' thinness and bread were confiscated and sent to Germany.
The wind, having sown, reaps the storm, says the old saying. And the storm broke out. The entire people have risen up to fight openly. During the healing days of the insurrection, all occupied areas of the region were buried. The axis is a series of dates and numbers.
On June 21, Hitler’s command issued an order for the permanent evacuation of the population “to the extent of their abilities and capabilities”105.
24th spring Leningrad Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) attacked the population of the occupied areas of the region with beasts of war: do not submit to German rule, abandon all their plans, rise to fight106.
On June 27, the newspaper “For the Radyanska Batkivshchyna” published a denunciation of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan Rukh to the partisans of the Leningrad region. No one realized the need to force blows on the fire pits, to take the peaceful population under his protection, to suppress the people’s struggle, which was still expanding107.
And in the first ten days of the year, the partisan formations reached their bases, about 3000 people - which is almost as many as there were partisans in the region at the beginning of 1943.
In numerous newspapers and leaflets that were distributed throughout the partisans in those days, brigade commanders called on the population not to obey Hitler’s order, to go to the forest, take up arms and fight. The newspaper of the 5th LPB “Partisanska Pomsta” wrote on June 17:
"There are thousands of people in full force in the fascist battle against the German bandits. Goodbye, comrades! Join the nation-wide struggle against the fascists! Germans lie on your conscience"108.
I already wrote about those that the 5th brigade had up to seven thousand people in its lava before the start of winter (although it started with only three hundred!). The development of other areas was similar.
The task force became restless because every day there was an increasing shortage of pilots and soldiers. There would never be enough supplies and ammunition, but because of these needs we could rush to the headquarters of the Volkhov Front and may soon find support and help there. K. A. Meretskov and T. F. Shtikov, as I already wrote, raised our concerns with the greatest respect, and satisfied them as best they could. However, as far as we can see, the hostile stench was not able to help us with the transferred equipment. At this time, the Volkhiv Front was considered “quiet” and therefore took away the bedroom from the smallest number of people. Aviation commander, Lieutenant General I. P. Zhuravlyov himself was in approximately the same position as us - on the surface of the skin there is a skin flap. And yet, he ordered the light bombers to fly to the partisans at daylight hours.
We twisted around as best we could. We were asked, for example, to see the unfortunate number of LI-2 pilots Valentina Stepanivna Grizodubova, who commanded the air regiment based nearby. It wasn’t easy to get hold of her, but when she was done she came to us promptly and turned it around really well. A few days later, following Nikitin’s order, I was dispatched to Moscow, to General Kormilitsin, who received military support from the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. I would like to respectfully ask the regional party committee for the donation of an additional fund directly assigned to our “partisan” air regiment.
At this time, the Chervona Army was conducting active military operations on the modern fronts and in the center. Forged the Dnieper. From here Kiev will be taken... But it’s still quiet on our fronts. No offensive operations were planned here for the near future. In connection with this, there is no hope of removing the bedroom from the established norms, apparently, there was no chance. I have rejected the witness from all authorities, as if there were any confusions to be avoided, first having gone to the reception before Kormilitsin. We also immediately put ourselves before our decision in exactly the same way as we had been forced to do, and then, having listened (and, I must say, with great respect) my talk about the camp of the warlord near Leningrad - about the growth of the partisan army, about the people's stand up, about those What is our success today, as we understand that we will support the rebels, and also, since we know the dormitory for the pilots, the General raptly chuckled before saying:
- Garazd, Major, reconverted. Will there be more mischief?
Not only did he inform us that he was very pleased with our request, but he also immediately contacted Air Marshal Astakhov on the phone and asked about seeing a number of transport aircraft at our disposal at that time. We could no longer dream about them.
* * *
The list of the main partisan forces that were active at that time in the Leningrad region looks like this: 1st Regiment, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 11th Brigades. Six great ones come together at once. All the smells grew rapidly, and on June 27 the Leningrad headquarters praised the decision to reorganize. On the basis of the 2nd LPB the 2nd, 6th, 7th and 9th brigades were formed, and on the basis of the 1st adjacent regiment - the 1st and 8th brigades. Around this time, on the basis of one of the regiments of the 3rd brigade, another brigade was formed - the 10th. In this way, a number of great partisan formations in the Leningrad region may have been reduced.
In connection with this, I would like to once again increase the reader’s respect for the role that the 2nd Leningrad Partisan Brigade named after Mikoli Grigorovich Vasiliev played in the partisan struggle. As you remember, the 1st Army Regiment saw her at one time or another. Well, six of the eleven brigades are a direct continuation of Vasiliev’s brigade. It was our academy during the first period of the war, it was the forge of command cadres, and it became the motherland of the main partisan forces at the final stage.
P'YATA GUERILLA. 1943, zhovten - chest
In those days of life of the 5th LPB we were extremely rich in life. Such intensity, such a wide range of military actions, which would have been possible to cover almost the entire arsenal of guerrilla tactics of that period, could not, perhaps, be credited to anyone else.
I remember that on one occasion I joined the brigade just at the hour when it had completed one of its most important operations and had begun a series of others that would bring it great fame and great national wealth.
The first operation was a 50-kilometer march of the 5th LPB, which it deployed in a large warehouse, in a column of thousands, openly, in front of the population and hostile garrisons, who fearfully scattered. The brigade left the area between the lakes Vrevo and Svyateyske, passed the villages of Chervoni Girki, Khvoshino, Svyate, Nevezhitsi, Konozerya and finally occupied the area adjacent to the village of Kievets. It was a demonstration of partisan strength. Hundreds of people have come to the conclusion that there is an army of people's warriors - highly organized, disciplined, well-mannered, not afraid of the enemy.
We couldn’t afford anything like this before. However, the hour changed and such a campaign became not only possible, but brought no less violence, less sabotage on the roads and battles with the enemy. Not only that, on the way of the brigade, all organs of the occupation government were reduced and the rule of the people was established on significant territory. No less important was the fact that the news of the guerrillas’ intrusion had spread for many kilometers, calling for a new voice of popular support for the firemen. K. D. Karitsky himself called the radiograms “the result of the defeat of our influx,” which led to the implementation of the activities of the occupation government in 14 volosts. The march of the 5th LPB became the greatest organizing action, the greatest demonstration for the popular uprising in the central region of the region. The central rebel region began to fold itself at this hour.
And I have guessed a series of operations - the liberation of the Radian citizens from the theft of fascist slavery. These were the first similar operations near Leningrad. And Volodymyr Vasilyovich Yegorov’s regiment became a pioneer - then simply Volodya Yegorov, who was then one of the youngest partisan commanders: he commanded a regiment of 1200 fighters in nineteen rocks. 23 thousand people pledged their freedom to this regiment. For his significant military services, Yegorov was awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union. In fact, the 5th LPB kidnapped over 40 thousand people to Germany.
Tsikava details. When Yegorov’s partisans broke the first echelon and took the civilian population under the protection of their regiment, no one in the brigade, regardless of the obvious unimportance of the operation carried out, did not accept it as a matter of priority, did not intend to rejoice about tse okremo to Leningrad - they just wanted to turn it on until the end of the day . Just for my genuine joy, Karitsky sent a radiogram. And immediately withdrawing the answer from Nikitin:
“By my order on October 16, 1943, your brigade was awarded the ensign of the Leningrad headquarters for the killing of civilians, whom the Germans were trying to transport in three trains to fascist slavery. step.
Bring to the city of fighters and commanders. Minor blows to the enemy, stop your plans to kidnap peaceful citizens to hard labor.
...The order is given to every special warehouse of the pens, regiments of the brigade entrusted to you"109.
I am writing about this in order to once again speak out: in those days, during the war, they thought little about the towns; the main turbo was on the right, which people gave themselves without excess.
* * *
At the new stage of the fight against the enemy, both guerrilla tactics and combat methods became new. We can safely say that the very scene of combat operations has changed, while the majority of the episodes have become completely new in their meta. Since, for example, previously, when the warehouses were poured into the warehouses of the gates, we were trying to get everything that was saved for them, now we went to the gates and went around the villages or in the forest - they were waiting for the arrival of their own, they tried to save the people's property. On the train routes, the dedals were often not allowed to walk under their skins, but rather squealed while walking in front of them. This was dictated by the fact that Radyan people could be standing near the carriages, stealing Nimechchina. Until the end of the fighting from the enemy, the stench became more and more often of an offensive nature.
At that time, a whole galaxy of partisan commanders of a new type had grown up - they had taken away from them all the rich combat evidence accumulated by the people's mechanics since the beginning of the war.
The first among them I, without any hesitation, will name brigade commander Kostyantin Dionisiovich Karitsky. I remember him from the Partisan region, where I commanded one of the battalions of the 1st brigade. This people had to go through a difficult battle, knowing victories and defeats, leading people into an attack, stepping up, and killing comrades - everything happened.
A person of great special courage, bravery, cold-blooded in battle, a quick-witted tactician who keenly sensed every change in the combat situation and responded without mercy to everything, Karitsky has a great talent for caring for people. Perhaps everything was different in the world: ability and, at the same time, sensitivity to people, commanding authority and respect for someone else’s thoughts, fearlessness and caution, integrity and respect for others. And the promotion of partisans to their commander was miraculous. You were loved, you were trusted recklessly.
I remember, in one of the divisions of the brigade, I found Karitsky behind such a right: evening, the partisans’ hut was still there, and in the middle there was a brigade commander, and he was reading Yesenin’s riddle. Declamation, of course, is not bozna-yak - not a professional, but it was a mystery! - and you would have heard how the partisans heard him... Having known the world and sharing them with people, that’s all. Without hearing, without subtly following the artist: simply by guessing the voice. I yomu buli for this day.
This is truly not a gesture, not a “shag” to the authority of the brigade commander. Nina, I’ll explain what I call this word.
Once we had one person in the 1st regiment, a military officer, who was a partisan, they started guessing about him, but for some reason they had not figured out for a long time. I remember, I was tickled - why is it so popular? And when the next time one of the fighters asked me why it wasn’t visible, I chuckled:
- What, do you need to talk?
“No, no need,” he confirms.
- They were boring you, perhaps, without anything?
- Well, if I may say so...
- Maybe you’re checking for political information? Change.
- So what? - I’m not getting up.
- That shag axis is gone, and when it comes, it’s very often...
The axis and the whole reason. And we marveled at why his pouch was empty most of all and why, no matter how much we shared with him, everything didn’t go away for him.
Makhorki, of course, is not a bad thing. I don’t at all intend to preach the wisdom of the Kurkul: as they say, “friendship is friendship, but little bastards.” Alas, wait a minute, it’s disgusting that all the interest of people before you is contained in your overbearing pouch of machry.
So, Karitsky’s authority is not “shaggy” at all. The brigade commander was respected in advance for his military merits, and for his right. And he on the right was the maystr. And also - for the sake of understanding your people kindly.
It is necessary to say that the work of the brigade was carried out extremely far away. Commissar Ivan Ivanovich Sergunin, chief of police Ivan Ivanovich Isakov, chief of staff Timofiy Antipovich Novikov, regiment commanders Volodymyr Vasilyovich Egorov, Pavlo Fadiyovich Skorodumov, Oleksiy Fedorovich Tarakanov, Sergiy Mikitovich Chebik ін - all these were miracle people, including commanders who worked for victory
very richly. Nevypadkovo on the list of Leningrad partisans awarded the title of Hero of the Radyansky Union, five out of twenty are representatives of the 5th LPB: K. D. Karitsky, I. I. Sergunin, V.V. Egorov, A.F. Tarakanov, D.I. .Sokolov.
* * *
From the 28th to the 9th fall, the brigade fought heavy battles against the great punitive expedition. At the request of the commander of the Army Group "Pivnich" Küchler, the 18th German Army sent a number of guard regiments and battalions to the area of the 5th LPB, including units of the 190th Infantry and 13th and airfield division. The offensive was supported by tanks, armored vehicles, artillery, mortars, and aircraft. The Hitlerites called this operation “Vovche Polyuvannaya”. It was obviously decided that they themselves would play the role of the Myslyvits. It happened unexpectedly... The commandant of the military area of the 18th Army, Lieutenant General Ginkel, informed his command: “The operation on the outside of Utorgosh was interrupted due to the fact that the forces were exhausted”110. This is a very modest formulation. It’s more correct to write: the punitive expedition was defeated.
This hour is characterized by the most active assistance to the partisans from the side of the population. The commissar of the 5th LPB reported to the Leningrad headquarters:
"... The people realized and realized that the partisans had become a wall for their protection, and helped the partisans in every way possible. Girls, women, and elders carried out reconnaissance not only for the command, but also for the authorities. quote.
1 leaf fall, when the Germans were in the village of Storonye and were preparing for the offensive, from whose village they came running to the commander of the Yegorov regiment, the maidens Kalanchin Katerina and Dmitrieva Lydia. The smells told about the number of the enemy, about his death.
There were important battles with the Germans, since the partisans sensed a shortage of attacks, residents of the village. They entered, defending themselves with Comrade Yegorov’s regiment, collected 5-10 pieces of ammunition and brought it to the partisans. Residents of the village carried out the same collection of attacks for their initiative. Pokrovske. Father of the partisan, meshkanets of the village of Novosilya, Utorgoshsky district of Volkov I. I., having learned that the partisans did not have enough cartridges, with the help of the villager Ryameshka Spiridonova N.M., delivering to the corral 17 boxes of cartridges that had been stored in the forest since 1941.
During the difficult days of fighting, people wearing armor began to smell the partisan corrals.
Fighting groups from the local population appeared in the villages, they themselves became angry, they took out ammunition, and decided to help the partisans in order to destroy the peaceful citizens from being driven away to the fascist fullest. This is how the fighting groups emerged in the villages of Baranovo, Vsheli, Bolotsko, Stobolsk, Dertini, Khredino, Borotno, Mikylsko, Lazuni and others..."111
How could it have been possible to overcome the partisans without such encouragement?
And I want to tell you about the two current operations of the 5th brigade.
The raid was carried out by P.F. Skorodumov’s regiment in full force with the residents of the surrounding villages on the Kiev Highway on the night of November 16, 1943. A large section of the road was buried - 10 kilometers! - Mizh, Mayakovo and Novosilyam. And under the funeral regiment, the village residents were clearing out a grandiose blockage of cut down telegraph stations and trees. Everything was covered with wires that had been cut from the transmission line and, in many places, replaced. In addition, throughout the whole area the bridges were torn down - every single one of them. And if the people who had finished their work left the highway, the partisans were preparing for battle. The stench littered the road for two days. And even under the attacks of tanks and armored vehicles, the Hitlerites brought in the leaves at mid-day on the 17th, and the regiment entered the forest. Alya needed another hour to clear the rubble. The Highway is not of great importance for the Hitlerites. Sabotage on such a scale has never been carried out before.
Much later, the 5th brigade, with a similar rank, completely blocked the Utorgosh-Mykolayiv highway. Throughout my life.
This highway was also even more important for the Germans, as it was most useful for strengthening the Novgorod and old Russian military groups. Almost the entire population of the district suffered the same fate from the destruction of the rubble. And then the partisans tried all the attempts of the Hitlerites to clear the road and establish a ruler on it. The battle was completely interrupted until units of the Red Army arrived.
* * *
At the end of the forty-third and forty-fourth rocks, the army of Leningrad partisans already consisted of 13 brigades. At the chest of the pens created by the Kingisepp Interdistrict Party Center and parts of the pens of the 9th brigade (another one from Vasilyev’s brigade!) the 12th Primorsky brigade was formed. And suddenly, on the territory of the first Partisan region, the 13th LPB began fighting. The total number of brigades was 35 thousand people.
The new one is approaching, 1944. The hour of the decisive attack of our troops near Leningrad is approaching. And the partisans faced a difficult, but glorious role.
ORDERSKA OPERATION. 1944 rіk, today
The Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement, as early as 1943, adopted the “Plan for further expansion of the partisan movement and ensuring the combat activity of partisan brigades, driving those groups into the occupied territory of the Leningrad region in the winter-spring period Iod 1943/44 r. ". This plan transferred a whole series of important orders that had to follow the Red Army's transition to the offensive. Having created a special section “Mobilization advances of partisan brigades and pens during the transition to the offensive of the Radian troops”, dedicated to interaction with the armies of the Leningrad, Volkhov and 2nd Baltic fronts .
In the days before the offensive began, it was necessary to activate partisan reconnaissance. The expansion of our brigades made it possible to collect information on a large territory, and partisan intelligence flowed in an uninterrupted stream to the Radyan command, therefore the plan for the offensive operation contained a lot of clarifications and details.
On the 12th of today, a specific task was placed in front of the regional partisan headquarters in connection with the already close beginning of combat operations. On the same day, the headquarters issued an order, therefore, with all the brigades that worked in the mix of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, the next day they would sharply intensify their activity, “seize the promptly transported military and equipment the enemy, as well as completely interrupt and destroy the sound language of the German military "112.
At the first stage, the interaction between the partisans and the troops of the Red Army was of a small operational nature: both of them acted at a seemingly great distance in the same way, and various misdeeds prevailed. Over the course of the year, the nature of mutual relations will change, but the penetration of our military corners of the German defense will overgrow tactically - so that direct military operations will take place. Preparing for this, the Leningrad partisan headquarters established even closer ties with the frontline commands. Our operational group, for example, was divided: Guzeev was lost from Khvoinya, I moved to Meretskov’s new command post, located very close to the front line, near Novgorod, now in the hands of the enemy.
Exactly according to plan, on June 14, 1944, the offensive of our military began. The 2nd shock troops and the 42nd armies of the Leningrad Front and the 59th Armies of the Volkhiv Front launched their attacks on the flanks of the 18th Hitlerite Army. Developing an offensive for the consolidation of other forces in the center, they defeated the 18th Army, destroying Hitler’s defense line all the time. The troops of the 2nd Baltic Front at this hour launched an attack on the positions of the 16th German Army.
The axis is just a short recap of what was crushed these days by the Leningrad partisans.
At the end of the 14th to the 15th, the 11th brigade launched a raid on the station and the village of Mshinska (Warsaw Zaliznytsia). The station was in the hands of the partisans for six years and was completely destroyed: about 300 slats were torn up, a water tank, a gas pump, a salvage barracks with a bundle, a warehouse for sleeping and food, two semaphores, a ruin but the arrow dominion, 1.5 arrows were reduced. After this flood, the section of the road Krasnogvardiysk - Luga did not work for 13 years.
On the 15th, 16th and 17th days, the 5th brigade launched a series of attacks on the most important enemy for the 38th Army Corps, which reached Novgorod, the Zaliznichna River, which went to Batetska (Vitebskaya Zaliznytsia). At once, the partisans brought this village back from the population in good order. Moreover, in just 15 years, 28 kilometers of line connections were reduced to local populations under the protection of small partisan groups. Over the first few days of our military's 5th brigade, the 5th brigade brought out 5 skid bridges, 7 thousand slats, 18 locomotives, 160 wagons and platforms with manpower and equipment, 1 armored train. During that same hour, 24 bridges were torn up on highway roads and 218 vehicles with warlike soldiers and vantages were destroyed.
At the end of the 16th to the 17th, the partisans of the 12th brigade between Tikopis and Kingisepp (Baltiyskaya Zaliznytsia) tore up hundreds of slats. The following night, the same brigade launched a raid on the Weimarn station, where the entire rut state was destroyed, a lot of carriages were burned, and the enemy garrison was depleted. At that time the 9th Brigade carried out successful attacks on the Baltic Road. As a result, already in the first days of the rise of the Radyan army, the main beneficial communication on the left flank of the 18th Hitlerite army was completely out of order.
At the end of the 17th to the 18th century, the 7th brigade under the command of V.P. Pogany was captured, having defended himself well, near the Toroshino station (Warsaw Zaliznitsa).
On the 20th of today, on the Staroruska Doroz, the partisans of the 1st brigade attacked another great place across the Keb River. At the same hour, the 3rd brigade, at the same level, defeated the stations of Uza, Karamishevo, Pidsivi and Lokot, as well as the most important sections of the Vitebsk road on the day before the Dno. All the trains that were at the stations were reduced.
During the first ten days of the offensive of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, the partisans defeated 11 salvage stations and routes, destroyed 34 salvage bridges, 23 thousand salvage slats, and put them under attack. from 36 military trains. With manpower and technology, 3 armored telegraph lines killed over 3,000 Hitlerite soldiers and officers113.
About the scale of military operations in the war, you can also see the fact that already on the 16th of today (the next day the partisans were activated!) the commander of the Army Group "Pivnich" von Küchler added to his assertion about the impossibility of obvious forces to protect Please take care of communication. We asked you to see the military units in the warehouse of Army Group Center.
As a result of the baked battles that the Leningrad partisans waged on enemy communications, the command of the German troops became truly deplorable, as they had practically lost the ability to move their troops. The Hitlerites also recognized the colossal difficulties in delivering ammunition, armor, and manpower to the front. The axis is a number of characteristic butts.
On the 17th, from Old Rus' to Novgorod, the 8th Jaeger Division began to move from the 16th Army to support the right flank of the 18th. 180 kilometers of track. As soon as the division could be redeployed, the Germans defended Novgorod. But all the roads - both the roads and the highways - on the Jaeger road were blocked by partisans. In the 19th century, the division was in turmoil and began its march, not yet having reached half of the upcoming march. I was aware of partisan attacks all hour. Until the middle of the day on the 21st, one battalion of Jaegers reached... Once the reshta pulled up, and not all of them, Novgorod was already occupied by our troops.
The share of the 12th Panzer and 58th Infantry Divisions of the enemy, which at different times were transferred to the aid of the 18th Army, was formed in a similar manner. The grievances arrived before the acknowledgment so painfully, with such expenses and so dissolved, that they could not get on with the course of the battle114.
* * *
The Radian army continued to fight, and their advance was unstoppable. The time has come for the desperate military operations of the partisan units and units of the Red Army. One of the largest such operations, under orders from the headquarters, happened to be carried out in the city. This was buried by the partisans of the 11th brigade in the regional center and Oredizh station.
Under the blows of the 59th Army of the Volkhov Front, which was developing an offensive towards Novgorod, the right flank of the enemy’s 18th Army changed, shifting towards the sunset, near Luga. At this hour, the 67th Army of Leningrad, the 8th and 54th Armies of the Volkhov Front near the Tosno and Lyuban areas drove a tight wedge into the center of the Nazi defense and continued to chew the collapse until the last day. Until the end of the century, the Leningrad Front was on the approaches to Tolmacheno, and units of the Volkhov Front approached the Oredezh station. Thus, on the right flank of the 18th German Army, the threat of the enemy’s fierce and monstrous military groupings clearly appeared.
The enemy brought his troops to the only possible direction: through the village and Oredizh station on Vitebskaya Zaliznytsia. The departure of the 59th Army of the Volkhov Front to Oredezh, allowing the enemy to enter the road.
On the 20th of today, the commander of the Volkhov Front K. A. Meretskov and member of the Viyskova for the sake of T. F. Shtikov confirmed “Mirkuvaniya to organize interaction between the military and partisans of the Volkhov Front.” The stinks were disintegrated by our operational group at once from the headquarters of the front. The most important point in this document was a brief operation in which the sub-units of the 59th Army were to take the part of the 2nd Regiment of the 5th Partisan Brigade and the main forces of the 11th LPB . The plan of the operation was briefly reduced to the offensive one.
Following the mental signal, the partisans of the 5th brigade will rush to the Peredolskaya station and leave until the 356th Chervonoprapornaya Rifle Division approaches. In this way, the Vitebsk climb on the day from the Oredizh station appears to be cut, and the possibility of reaching the Oredezh military station from the day, from Batetskoy, is turned off. At the next, final stage of the operation, the partisans of the 11th brigade will bury Oredizh and also fight until the 377th division arrives. Mginsky and the Lyubansko-monstrous grouping of the enemy are kicked into the “mishka”.
I rejected Nikitin’s order to carry out the activities of the partisans on the ground. The operation was broken down meticulously, in every detail, before the wicket of the enemy, I again called Meretskov to himself and once again washed everything in detail. The front commander carried out the most important operation at that time. Having called me in that direction and a mental signal before the attack: Leningrad Radio, in its wide-ranging broadcast for the partisans and burghers of the occupied areas, will convey information about those that our troops among others have occupied the population of Počap, developments near Oredezh. Regardless of what happens in reality - to occupy our units - we are attacked at 4.30.
- Have you remembered it well? - having fed the commander. - Pocap. This is a signal for you.
At the end of the day on the 23rd of today, with the flight of PO-2, I again drew the line to the front. Immediately I was going to visit the 2nd Regiment of the 5th Brigade, a detachment that was sent from Lake Glukha. Just last night, regiment commander A.F. Tarakanov was far from the camp in the thickest part of his pens: a series of sabotage acts were carried out on the roads. Ale Tarakanov made permanent radio contact with the operational group and refused the order to turn back to the base to receive the flight with important information. On the day I was glad that it was straight to the camp.
And yet, when we arrived at the place, we did not detect any landing marks on the ice of the lake. There was just a little bit of baggage at the camp – that’s all. I realized that Cockroaches couldn’t turn around.
I had to sit down blindly, illuminating myself with a rocket. They ignited the fire and began to check, without stopping the engine. The pilot with a pistol at his hand is in the cockpit, and I, with a machine gun at the ready, are a little to the side of the car, so as to shoot a little faster. Why the hell isn’t it hot: rapt, while the Cockroaches were at the age, what tabir did the Germans take over?
The aircraft engine gurgled muffledly at low revs, pulling along for an hour. When I hear you, I’ll run. I shouted. Yours.
The order about Peredolskaya’s attack was handed to the chief of staff of the regiment A.I. Senkevich. Let me give you all the necessary explanations. We also learned about radio communications that can be supported after Tarakanov’s return.
Farther along the route lies to Lake Chorne, which served as an airfield for the 11th brigade.
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That night on Chorny there was an unforeseen feeling of joy.
Vantaged...